{"id":1621,"date":"2025-10-27T18:12:20","date_gmt":"2025-10-27T10:12:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yrdactivatedcarbon.com\/?p=1621"},"modified":"2026-04-07T18:25:55","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T10:25:55","slug":"%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%85-gac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yrdactivatedcarbon.com\/ar\/%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%85-gac\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 GAC: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645\u060c EBCT\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\/\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 GAC \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0645\/\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c MIB\/\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c - \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621: \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u2190 EBCT \u2190 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u2190 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u2190 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u2190 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u2190 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 + \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a)<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629).<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642: \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 gpm \u0623\u0648 MGD\u061b \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061b \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 (\u0394P): \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\/\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639: \u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u201c\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 (EBCT \u2192 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u2192 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629)<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u0644\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b)<\/h3>\n<h4>EBCT (\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a)<\/h4>\n<p>\\] \\[ \\ \\ \u0646\u0635{EBCT} = \\ \\frac{V_\\\u0646\u0635{{\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631}}{Q} \\]<\/p>\n<h4>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631<\/h4>\n<p>\\] \\[ V_]V\\\\\u0646\u0635{Bbed} = A \\cdot L = \\left( \\pi \\frac{D^2}{4} \\right) L\\]<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\\[ v = \\frac{Q}{A} \\]<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u062b \\(( Q \\) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \\( V_( V \\\\{\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631} \\) \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \\( A \\) \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u060c \\( D \\) \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \\( L \\) \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 EBCT \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>TOC\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0641 DBP): \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 EBCT\u061b \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u062b\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 (MIB\/geosmin): \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629\u061b \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 (\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>PFAS: \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0643\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0644 (ACT) \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 EBCT \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a)<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a \\( Q \\) (\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 EBCT \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a (\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631 \\( V_\\text{bed} = Q \\times \\text{EBCT} \\).<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \\\\( D_{\\max} \\)\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f \\( D \\le D_{\\max} \\) \u0648\u062d\u0644 \\( L = \\dfrac{4 V_\\\\text{{bed}}{\\pi D^2} \\).<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 50-100% \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631) \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \\( v \\) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0394P \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0623. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 (\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 MTZ \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 (MTZ) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u2248 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 (MTZ) \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 MTZ \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d\u061b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631)<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0643\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u061b \u0627\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0645\/\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627: \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f (\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629)\u061b \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627: \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u063a\u0646\u064a\u062a - \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 8\u00d730 \u0623\u0648 12\u00d740). \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0642 \u2190 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0645 MB (\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642: \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 (\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 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\u0628\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 254\u061b \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0645\/\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\/\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u061b \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629\u061b \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631: \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629\u061b \u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 254 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 (\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639). \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644: \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637)\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0643)<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f EBCT \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 (\u0633)<\/th>\n<th>EBCT (\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636)<\/th>\n<th>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631 (Vbed)<\/th>\n<th>\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 (L)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623 - \u0635\u0642\u0644 TOC<\/td>\n<td>1.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (1,042 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\\( \u0633 \\ \u0645\u0631\u0629 \\ \u0646\u0635 \\{EBCT} \\)<\/td>\n<td>12 \u0642\u062f\u0645 (\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644)<\/td>\n<td>\\( \\ L = \\dfrac{4V}{\\pi D^2} \\)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0394P \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061b \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 50-100%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 B - \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0645\/\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 + \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\/\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>800 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0645\/\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 Cl\/Chl EBCT<\/td>\n<td>\\( \u0633 \\ \u0645\u0631\u0629 \\ \u0646\u0635 \\{EBCT} \\)<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 L<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062a\/\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 C - \u0633\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646\/\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>0.75 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u2248521 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\\( \u0633 \\ \u0645\u0631\u0629 \\ \u0646\u0635 \\{EBCT} \\)<\/td>\n<td>10 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 (\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644)<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644.<\/td>\n<td>\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633: \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0394P \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0643. \u0643\u0631\u0631 D\/L \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 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\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0644\u061b \u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0640 \u201c\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u201d \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644).<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637: <a href=\"https:\/\/yrdactivatedcarbon.com\/ar\/product\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%b7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a8%d9%8a-gac\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a (GAC)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\/\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a EBCT \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"\/ar\/water-treatment-activated-carbon\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/ar\/granular-activated-carbon\/\">Granular Activated Carbon<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/ar\/gac-vs-pac-water-treatment-guide\/\">GAC \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 PAC \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/ar\/request-a-quote\/\">\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you need help matching GAC media to your system design, <a href=\"\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d9%84\/\">contact us<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For water\/wastewater engineers who need a defendable, step-by-step path from design inputs to operating envelopes. Authoritative, technical yet approachable. What \u201cGood\u201d Looks Like GAC makes sense when you need reliable adsorption and polishing for TOC, taste\/odour (e.g., MIB\/geosmin), free chlorine\/chloramines control, many VOCs, and\u2014in some programs\u2014PFAS. Good design ties effluent targets to hydraulics, converts contact [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1624,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1621","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>GAC System Design Guide: Sizing, EBCT, Backwash<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Engineer\u2019s guide to GAC design: choose EBCT by contaminant, size vessels within headloss limits, set temperature-correct backwash rates, and define monitoring-based changeout triggers.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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